langkah-langkah penguatan host hardening

<div class="Default"> <b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">A. Pengertian Host Hardening </span></b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="Default"> <span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Host Hardening adalah Prosedur yang meminimalkan ancaman yang datang dengan mengatur konfigurasi dan menonaktifkan aplikasi dan layanan yang tidak diperlukan. Contoh dari Host Hardening yaitu Instalasi firewall, instalasi antivirus, menghapus cookie, membuat password , menghapus program yang tidak diperlukan. <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="Default"> <span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Tujuan dari Host Hardening adalah untuk menghilangkan resiko ancaman yang bisa terjadi pada komputer. <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="Default" style="margin-bottom: 7.15pt;"> <b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">B. Elemen Host Hardening </span></b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="Default" style="margin-bottom: 7.15pt;"> <span style="font-size: 7.0pt;">1. </span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Hardening System: Security Policy <b>(Keamanan Berdasarkan Penggunaannya) </b><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="Default" style="margin-bottom: 7.15pt;"> <span style="font-size: 7.0pt;">2. </span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Hardening System: Kriptografi <b>(Menyimpan Suatu Pesan Secara Aman) </b><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="Default" style="margin-bottom: 7.15pt;"> <span style="font-size: 7.0pt;">3. </span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Hardening System: Firewall <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="Default" style="margin-bottom: 7.15pt;"> <span style="font-size: 7.0pt;">4. </span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Hardening System: IDS <b>(Mendeteksi Jenis Serangan dan melakukan Blokade) </b><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="Default" style="margin-bottom: 7.15pt;"> <span style="font-size: 7.0pt;">5. </span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Hardening System: Backup <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="Default" style="margin-bottom: 7.15pt;"> <span style="font-size: 7.0pt;">6. </span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Hardening System: Auditing System <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="Default"> <span style="font-size: 7.0pt;">7. </span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Hardening System: Digital Forensik dan Penanganan Pasca Insiden <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="Default"> <br /></div> <div class="Default"> <b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Ada 2 Sumber tentang Host Hardening , Dibawah ini adalah Elemen Host Hardening yang dikutip dari Brainly </span></b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="Default"> <b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Elemen Host Hardening </span></b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">: <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="Default"> <span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">1. Physical security (Keamanan fisik) <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="Default"> <span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">2. Secure installation and configuration (Instalasi aman dan konfigurasi) <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="Default"> <span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">3. Fix known vulnerabilities (Memperbaiki kerentanan dikenal) <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="Default"> <span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">4.Turn off unnecessary services (applications) (Matikan layanan yang tidak perlu (aplikasi)) <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="Default"> <span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">5. Harden all remaining applications (Harden semua aplikasi yang tersisa) <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="Default" style="margin-bottom: 7.6pt;"> <br /></div> <div class="Default" style="margin-bottom: 7.6pt;"> <b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">C. Dasar Pengamanan di Host </span></b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="Default"> <b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">1. Enkrpsi/Deskripsi </span></b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="Default"> <br /></div> <div class="Default"> <span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Teknologi enkripsi Adalah Data-data yang anda kirimkan diubah sedemikian rupa sehingga tidak mudah disadap. <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="Default"> <b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">2. Firewall </span></b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="Default"> <br /></div> <div class="Default"> <span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Firewall bekerja dengan mengamati paket IP (Internet Protocol) yang melewatinya. Berdasarkan konfigurasi dari firewall maka akses dapat diatur berdasarkan IP address, port, dan arah informasi. <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="Default"> <b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">3. Logs </span></b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="Default"> <br /></div> <div class="Default"> <span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Fungsi Logs untuk melihat aktifitas yang terjadi dan kemungkinan besar dapat melakukan antisipasi apabila terlihat beberapa aktifitas yang mencurigakan terjadi. <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="Default"> <b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">4. IDS (Intrusion Detection System) </span></b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="Default"> <br /></div> <div class="Default"> <span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">IDS akan mendeteksi jenis serangan dari "signature" atau "pattern" pada aktifitas jaringan. Bahkan dapat melakukan blokade terhadap traffic yang mencurigakan, IDS dapat berupa IDS berbasiskan jaringan komputer atau berbasiskan host. <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="Default"> <b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">5. Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) </span></b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="Default"> <br /></div> <div class="Default"> <span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) adalah sistem yang banyak digunakan untuk mendeteksi dan melindungi sebuah sistem keamanan dari serangan oleh pihak luar maupun dalam. <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="Default"> <b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">6. Honeypot </span></b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="Default"> <br /></div> <div class="Default"> <span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">"HoneyPot" adalah server "umpan" yang merupakan pengalih perhatian. Tujuan dari honeypot adalah “HoneyPot” tidak menjalankan layanan sebagaimana umumnya server tetapi berpura-pura menjalankannya sehingga membiarkan para penyusup untuk berpikir bahwa mereka benar-benar adalah "server" yang sesungguhnya. Sehingga dapat mengetahui metode yang digunakan dari penyusup. <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="Default"> <b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">7. Configuration </span></b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="Default"> <br /></div> <div class="Default"> <span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Konfigurasi yang hati-hati akan membantu untuk bertahan terhadap kemungkinan serangan yang terjadi. <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="Default"> <b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">8. Antivirus </span></b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="Default"> <br /></div> <div class="Default"> <span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Anti virus merupakan software yang dibuat untuk mengatasi virus yang menyerang keamanan sistem jaringan komputer. <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="Default"> <br /></div> <div class="Default"> <b><span style="font-size: 11.5pt;">Bagan Host Hardening Beserta Keterangan </span></b><span style="font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="Default"> <span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">KETERANGAN : <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="Default"> <span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">1. Admin melakukan configuration atau pengaturan pada server. <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="Default"> <span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">2. Admin juga melakukan digital forensik terhadap server untuk pengecekan log akses. <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="Default"> <span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">3. Admin mengecek logs melalui server, logs berisi berbagai informasi riwayat aktivitas dalam jaringan <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="Default"> <span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">4. Server umpan (honey pot ) merupakan duplikat server asli yang membiarkan para hacker masuk, sehingga cara hacker untuk menyerang jaringan dapat diketahui. <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="Default"> <span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">5. Pada server telah dipasang firewall untuk melindungi jaringan berbagai serangan dari luar jaringan seperti virus,worm,trojan,program berbahaya dan menfillter akses internet yang masuk..firewall hanya dipasang pada server , karna jika server telah terlindungi berarti client juga terlindungi, ini karena akses dari client diberikan oleh server itu sendiri <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="Default"> <span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">6. Admin melalui server menjalankan ids,ids akan secara otomatis mengawasi setiap aktivitas dalam jaringan dan mengeblock trafic data jika terjadi suatu serangan atau akses yang mencurugakan. <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="Default"> <span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">7. Admin melalui server melakukan pengiriman pesan / file dengan cara kriptografi agar file terjaga kerahasiannya sampai ke client. <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="Default"> <span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">8. Seluruh user dalam jaringan harus mematuhi security policy atau peraturan peraturan penggunaan yang telah dibuat <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="Default" style="page-break-before: always;"> <b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Software Yang digunakan Untuk Hardening </span></b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="Default"> <b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">1. Basille Linux </span></b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="Default"> <br /></div> <div class="Default"> <span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Program hardening Bastille mengunci OS, secara aktif melakukan konfigurasi sistem untuk meningkatkan keamanan dan mengurangi kerentanannya. <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="Default"> <span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Bastille mensupport Red Hat (Fedora Core, Enterprise, and Numbered/Classic), SUSE, Debian, Gentoo, dan Mandrake dengan HPUX. <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="Default"> <span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">User/administrator diperbolehkan untuk memilih cara malakukan hardening pada OS. Pada setting default hardeningnya, Bastille akan menanyakan apakah user memiliki pertanyaan. <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="Default"> <b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">2. JASS untuk Solaris systems </span></b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="Default"> <br /></div> <div class="Default"> <span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Solaris</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt;">TM </span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Security Toolkit, yang dikenal juga dengan JumpStart</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt;">TM </span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Architecture and Security Scripts (JASS) toolkit, menyediakan mekanisme yang fleksibel dan ekstensibel untuk meminimasi, melakukan hardening, dan mengamankan sistem Solaris Operating Environment systems. <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="Default"> <b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">3. Syhunt Apache/PHP Hardener </span></b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="Default"> <br /></div> <div class="Default"> <span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Syhunt Apache/PHP Hardener digunakan untuk melakukan evaluasi ancaman keamanan dan identifikasi countermeasure yang sesuai pada tahap konfigurasi web server, sehingga menyediakan proteksi ekstra terhadap web hacking dan merupakan level tertinggi keamanan aplikasi. <o:p></o:p></span></div> <br /> <div class="MsoNormal"> <br /></div>

langkah-langkah penguatan host hardening

A. Pengertian Host Hardening Host Hardening adalah Prosedur yang meminimalkan ancaman yang datang dengan mengatur konfigurasi dan menonak...

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ARTIKEL PENGALAMATAN JARINGAN

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mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;} </style> <![endif]--> <br /> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 20.0pt;">IP ADDRESS</span></u></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"> <i><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">P</span></i><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">engertian Ip address</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"> <b><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">IP address</span></b><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> digunakan sebagai alamat dalam hubungan antar host di internet sehingga merupakan sebuah sistem komunikasi yang universal karena merupakan metode pengalamatan yang telah diterima di seluruh dunia.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"> <b><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">IP address</span></b><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> terdiri dari bilangan biner 32 bit yang dipisahkan oleh tanda titik setiap 8 bitnya. Tiap 8 bit ini disebut sebagai oktet. Bentuk IP address dapat dituliskan sebagai berikut xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx Jadi IP address ini mempunyai range dari 00000000.00000000.00000000.00000000 sampai 11111111.11111111.11111111.11111111. Notasi IP address dengan bilangan biner seperti ini susah untuk digunakan, sehingga sering ditulis dalam 4 bilangan desimal yang masing-masing dipisahkan oleh 4 buah titik yang lebih dikenal dengan “notasi desimal bertitik”.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"> <b><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pembagian Kelas IP Address</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">IP address dibagi ke dalam lima kelas, yaitu kelas A, kelas B, kelas C, kelas D dan kelas E. Perbedaan tiap kelas adalah pada ukuran dan jumlahnya.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Penentuan kelas ini dilakukan dengan cara berikut :</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div> <ul type="disc"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kelas A </span></b><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">: digunakan untuk jaringan WAN, Ip address nya pada bagian pertama antara 0-127,  dan yang merupakan Net ID nya yaitu 1 bagian yang pertama. Subnet mask nya 255.0.0.0</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></li> </ul> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Contoh: 8.254.129.11</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div> <ul type="disc"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kelas B : </span></b><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">biasanya digunakan untuk jaringan MAN, Ip address nya pada bagian pertama antara 128-191, dan yang merupakan network ID nya yaitu 2 bagian pertama. Subnet masknya 255.255.0.0</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></li> </ul> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Contoh: 128.255.129.7</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div> <ul type="disc"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kelas C : </span></b><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">biasanya digunakan untuk jaringan LAN, Ip address nya pada bagian pertama antara 192-223, dan yang merupakan network ID nya yaitu 3 bagian pertama. Subnet masknya 255.255.255.0</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></li> </ul> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Contoh: 192.168.1.10</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div> <ul type="disc"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kelas D</span></b><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> <b>:</b> biasanya digunakan untuk keperluan multicasting. IP address nya pada bagian pertama antara 224-247. Dalam multicasting tidak dikenal network ID dan host ID.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></li> </ul> <ul type="disc"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kelas E :</span></b><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> biasanya digunakan untuk keperluan umum. IP address nya pada bagian pertama antara 248-255.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></li> </ul> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"> <b><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Perbedaan IP Private dan IP Public</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div> <ul type="disc"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo6; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">IP private</span></b><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> adalah jenis IP yang saat akan menggunakannya tidak perlu diregistrasi sebab oleh router IP jenis ini tidak akan diteruskan kemana-mana. IP Private sesuai dengan kelasnya:</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></li> </ul> <ol start="1" type="1"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo7; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kelas A: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">10.0.0.0-10.255.255.255</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></li> </ol> <ol start="1" type="1"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo8; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kelas B: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">172.16.0.0-172.31.255.255</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></li> </ol> <ol start="1" type="1"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo9; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kelas C: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">192.168.1.0-192.168.255.255</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></li> </ol> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Sedangkan <b>IP publik</b> adalah jenis IP yang saat akan menggunakannya harus diregistrasi (ke badan penyalur IP address tentunya, maksudnya supaya tidak bentrok) karena IP ini dapat berkeliaran di lalu lintas jaringan internet melewati router-routernya.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeMnvWM5DEzjCLt8YnyALxdzM3pVHrsqej04IWNCEvXBWgk-uksv3zA589LKwN-TSgGPsnjF8fhbrWiMjyJZpRWDH8MeQ9TPca6GJP-KUxWtKsJ1W2qkFk5HB2YRPVTa-fowVNqERLK_Tu/s1600/index.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeMnvWM5DEzjCLt8YnyALxdzM3pVHrsqej04IWNCEvXBWgk-uksv3zA589LKwN-TSgGPsnjF8fhbrWiMjyJZpRWDH8MeQ9TPca6GJP-KUxWtKsJ1W2qkFk5HB2YRPVTa-fowVNqERLK_Tu/s1600/index.jpg" /></a></div> <br /> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">IP address versi 4 terdiri atas 4 oktet, nilai 1 oktet adalah 255. Karena ada 4 oktet maka jumlah IP address yang tersedia adalah 255 x 255 x 255 x 255. IP address sebanyak ini harus dibagi-bagikan keseluruh pengguna jaringan internet di seluruh dunia. Untuk mempermudah proses pembagiannya, IP address harus dikelompokan dalam kelas-kelas.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">IP address dikelompokan dalam lima kelas, yaitu kelas A, B, C, D, dan E. Perbedaannya terletak pada ukuran dan jumlah. IP address kelas A jaringan. IP address Kelas B digunakan untuk jaringan berukuran besar dan sedang. IP address Kelas C untuk pembagian jaringan yang banyak, namun masing-masing jaringan memiliki anggota yang sedikit. IP address Kelas D dan E juga didefinisikan, tetapi tidak digunakan dalam penggunaan normal, kelas D diperuntukan bagi jaringan multicast, dan E untuk Eksperimental.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pembagian kelas-kelas IP address didasarkan pada dua hal, yaitu Network ID dan Host ID dari suatu IP address Setiap IP address selalu merupakan pasangan network ID (Identitas Jaringan) dan Host ID (Indentitas host dalam suatu jaringan). Masing-masing komputer/router di suatu jaringan host ID-nya harus Unik (harus berbeda dgn komputer yg lain).</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span> </div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span><b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 22.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">ROUTING</span></u></b><u><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 22.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></u> </div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"> <b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Routing</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> adalah proses dimana suatu item dapat sampai ke tujuan dari satu lokasi ke lokasi lain. Beberapa contoh item yang dapat di-routing : mail, telepon call, dan data. Di dalam jaringan, Router adalah perangkat yang digunakan untuk melakukan routing trafik.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"> <b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Konsep dasar routing</span></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Bahwa dalam jaringan WAN kita sering mengenal yang namanya TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol) sebagai alamat sehingga pengiriman paket data dapat sampai ke alamat yang dituju (host tujuan). TCP/IP membagi tugas masing-masingmulai dari penerimaan paket data sampai pengiriman paket data dalam sistem sehingga jika terjadi permasalahan dalam pengiriman paket data dapat dipecahkan dengan baik. Berdasarkan pengiriman paket data routing dibedakan menjadi routing lansung dan routing tidak langsung.</span></div> <ul type="disc"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo10; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Routing langsung</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> merupakan sebuah pengalamatan secara langsung menuju alamat tujuan tanpa melalui host lain. Contoh: sebuah komputer dengan alamat 192.168.1.2 mengirimkan data ke komputer dengan alamat 192.168.1.3</span></li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo10; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Routing tidak langsung</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> merupakan sebuah pengalamatan yang harus melalui alamat host lain sebelum menuju alamat hort tujuan. (contoh: komputer dengan alamat 192.168.1.2 mengirim data ke komputer dengan alamat 192.1681.3, akan tetapi sebelum menuju ke komputer dengan alamat 192.168.1.3, data dikirim terlebih dahulu melalui host dengan alamat 192.168.1.5 kemudian dilanjutkan ke alamat host tujuan.</span></li> </ul> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"> <b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Jenis Konfigurasi Routing</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div> <ol start="1" type="1"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo11; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Minimal Routing</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> merupakan proses routing sederhana dan biasanya hanya pemakaian lokal saja.</span></li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo11; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Static Routing</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, dibangun pada jaringan yang memiliki banyak gateway. jenis ini hanya memungkinkan untuk jaringan kecil dan stabil.</span></li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo11; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Dinamic Routing</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, biasanya digunakan pada jaringan yang memiliki lebih dari satu rute. Dinamic routing memerlukan routing protocol untuk membuat tabel routing yang dapat memakan resource komputer.</span></li> </ol> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"> <b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Router atau perangkat-perangkat lain yang dapat melakukan fungsi routing, membutuhkan informasi sebagai berikut :</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">* Alamat Tujuan/Destination Address – Tujuan atau alamat item yang akan dirouting</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">* Mengenal sumber informasi – Dari mana sumber (router lain) yang dapat dipelajari oleh router dan memberikan jalur sampai ke tujuan</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">* Menemukan rute – Rute atau jalur mana yang mungkin diambil sampai ke tujuan</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">* Pemilihan rute – Rute yang terbaik yang diambil untuk sampai ke tujuan</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">* Menjaga informasi routing – Suatu cara untuk menjaga jalur sampai ke tujuan yang sudah diketahui dan paling sering dilalui.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tabel Routing</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Sebuah router mempelajari informasi routing dari mana sumber dan tujuannya yang kemudian ditempatkan pada tabel routing. Router akan berpatokan pada tabel ini, untuk memberitahu port yang akan digunakan untuk meneruskan paket ke alamat tujuan.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Jika jaringan tujuan, terhubung langsung (directly connected) di router, Router sudah langsung mengetahui port yang harus digunakan untuk meneruskan paket.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Jika jaringan tujuan tidak terhubung langsung di badan router, Router harus mempelajari rute terbaik yang akan digunakan untuk meneruskan paket. Informasi ini dapat dipelajari dengan cara :</span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level2 lfo10; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Manual oleh “network administrator”</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">2. Pengumpulan informasi melalui proses dinamik dalam jaringan.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Mengenal Rute Statik dan Dinamik</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ada dua cara untuk memberitahu router bagaimana cara meneruskan paket ke jaringan yang tidak terhubung langsung (not directly connected) di badan router.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Dua metode untuk mempelajari rute melalui jaringan adalah :</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"> <b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Rute Statik </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">– Rute yang dipelajari oleh router ketika seorang administrator membentuk rute secara manual. Administrator harus memperbarui atau mengupdate  rute statik ini secara manual ketika terjadi perubahan topologi antar jaringan (internetwork).</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Rute Dinamik – Rute secara Dinamik dipelajari oleh router setelah seorang administrator mengkonfigurasi sebuah protokol routing yang membantu menentukan rute. Tidak seperti rute Statik, pada rute Dinamik, sekali seorang administrator jaringan mengaktifkan <b>rute Dinamik</b>, maka rute akan diketahui dan diupdate secara otomatis oleh sebuah proses routing ketika terjadi perubahan topologi jaringan yang diterima dari “internetwork” .</span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" /> </span> <br /> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-align: justify;"> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">SUBNETTING</span></u></b></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Subnetting adalah teknik memecah suatu jaringan besar menjadi jaringan yang lebih kecil dengan cara mengorbankan bit Host ID pada subnet mask untuk dijadikan Network ID baru. Subnetting merupakan teknik memecah network menjadi beberapa subnetwork yang lebih kecil. Subnetting hanya dapat dilakukan pada IP addres kelas A, IP Address kelas B dan IP Address kelas C. Dengan subnetting akan menciptakan beberapa network tambahan, tetapi mengurangi jumlah maksimum host yang ada dalam tiap network tersebut.</span></div> <div align="center" class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 296.25pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -1.0cm;"> <b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Alasan Melakukan Subnetting</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div> <ol start="1" type="1"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo12; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Mengalokasikan IP address yang terbatas supaya lebih efisien. Jika internet terbatas oleh alamat-alamat di kelas A, B, dan C, tiap network akan memliki 254, 65.000, atau 16 juta IP address untuk host devicenya. Walaupun terdapat banyak network dengan jumlah host lebih dari 254, namun hanya sedikit network (kalau tidak mau dibilang ada) yang memiliki host sebanyak 65.000 atau 16 juta. Dan network yang memiliki lebih dari 254 device akan membutuhkan alokasi kelas B dan mungkin akan menghamburkan percuma sekitar 10 ribuan IP address.</span></li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo12; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Alasan kedua adalah, walaupun sebuah organisasi memiliki ribuan host device, mengoperasikan semua device tersebut di dalam network ID yang sama akan memperlambat network. Cara TCP/IP bekerja mengatur agar semua komputer dengan network ID yang sama harus berada di physical network yang sama juga. Physical network memiliki domain broadcast yang sama, yang berarti sebuah medium network harus membawa semua traffic untuk network. Karena alasan kinerja, network biasanya disegmentasikan ke dalam domain broadcast yang lebih kecil – bahkan lebih kecil – dari Class C address.</span></li> </ol> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 296.25pt;"> <b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tujuan Subnetting</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tujuan dari subnetting adalah sebagai berikut:</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">1.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">      </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Untuk mengefisienkan pengalamatan (misal untuk jaringan yang hanya mempunyai 10 host, kalau kita menggunakan kelas C saja terdapat 254 – 10 =244 alamat yang tidak terpakai).</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">2.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">      </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Membagi satu kelas network atas sejumlah subnetwork dengan arti membagi suatu kelas jaringan menjadi bagian-bagian yang lebih kecil.</span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">3.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">      </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Menempatkan suatu host, apakah berada dalam satu jaringan atau tidak. Menempatkan suatu host, apakah berada dalam satu jaringan atau tidak.</span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">4.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">      </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Untuk mengatasi masalah perbedaaan hardware dengan topologi fisik jaringan.</span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">5.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">      </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Untuk mengefisienkan alokasi IP Address dalam sebuah jaringan supaya bisa memaksimalkan penggunaan IP Address.</span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">6.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">      </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Mengatasi masalah perbedaan hardware dan media fisik yang digunakan daam suatu network, karena Router IP hanya dapat mengintegrasikan berbagai network dengan media fisik yang berbeda jika setiap network memiliki address network yang unik.</span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">7.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">      </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Meningkatkan security dan mengurangi terjadinya kongesti akibat terlalu banyaknya host dalam suatu network.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 296.25pt;"> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Fungsi<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> Subnetting</span></span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Fungsi subnetting antara lain sbb:</span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ø</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-language: IN;">  </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Mengurangi lalu-lintas jaringan, sehingga data yang lewat di perusahaan tidak akan bertabrakan (collision) atau macet.</span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ø</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-language: IN;">  </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Teroptimasinya unjuk kerja jaringan.</span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ø</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-language: IN;">  </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pengelolaan yang disederhanakan.</span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ø</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-language: IN;">  </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Membantu pengembangan jaringan ke arah jarak geografis yang menjauh,</span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Proses<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> Subnetting</span></span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Untuk melakukan proses subnetting kita akan melakukan beberapa proses antara lain :</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">1.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">      </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Menentukan jumlah subnet yang dihasilkan oleh subnet mask.</span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">2.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">      </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Menentukan jumlah host per subnet.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">3.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">      </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Menentukan subnet yang valid.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">4.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">      </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Menentukan alamat broadcast untuk tiap subnet.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">5.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">      </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Menentukan host – host yang valid untuk tiap subnet.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 296.25pt;"> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Mengenal<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> Teknik Subnetting</span></span></b></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 296.25pt;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Misalkan disebuah perusahaan terdapat 200 komputer (host). Tanpa menggunakan subnetting maka semua komputer (host) tersebut dapat kita hubungkan kedalam sebuah jaringan tunggal dengan perincian sebagai berikut:</span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Misal kita gunakan IP Address Private kelas C dengan subnet mask defaultnya yaitu 255.255.255.0 sehingga perinciannya sebagai berikut:</span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Network<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> Perusahaan</span></span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Alamat Jaringan<span style="mso-tab-count: 3;">                                  </span>: 192.168.1.0</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Host Pertama<span style="mso-tab-count: 3;">                          </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">            </span>: 192.168.1.1</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Host Terakhir<span style="mso-tab-count: 3;">                          </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">            </span>: 192.168.1.254</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Broadcast Address<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;">                 </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">            </span>: 192.168.1.255</span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Misalkan diperusahaan tersebut terdapat 2 divisi yang berbeda sehingga kita akan memecah network tersebut menjadi 2 buah subnetwork, maka dengan teknik subnetting kita akan menggunakan <b>subnet mask 255.255.255.128</b> (nilai subnet mask ini berbeda-beda tergantung berapa subnetwork yang akan kita buat) sehingga akan menghasilkan 2 buah blok subnet, dengan perincian sebagai berikut:</span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Network Divisi A</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Alamat Jaringan / Subnet A<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">    </span>: 192.168.1.0</span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Host Pertama <span style="mso-tab-count: 3;">                         </span>: 192.168.1.1</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Host Terakhir <span style="mso-tab-count: 3;">                         </span>: 192.168.1.126</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Broadcast Address <span style="mso-tab-count: 2;">                </span>: 192.168.1.127</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: 18.0pt;"> <b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Network Divisi B</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Alamat Jaringan / Subnet B<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">    </span>: 192.168.1.128</span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Host Pertama<span style="mso-tab-count: 3;">                          </span>: 192.168.1.129</span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Host Terakhir<span style="mso-tab-count: 3;">                          </span>: 192.168.1.254</span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Broadcast Address<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;">                 </span>: 192.168.1.255</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Dengan demikian dengan teknik subnetting akan terdapat 2 buah subnetwork yang masing-masing network maksimal terdiri dari 125 host (komputer). Masing-masing komputer dari subnetwork yang berbeda tidak akan bisa saling berkomunikasi sehingga meningkatkan security dan mengurangi terjadinya kongesti. Apabila dikehendaki agar beberapa komputer dari network yang berbeda tersebut dapat saling berkomunikasi maka kita harus menggunakan Router.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 296.25pt;"> <b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">  </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Subnet</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> <b>Mask</b></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 296.25pt;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Subnetmask digunakan untuk membaca bagaimana kita membagi jalan dan gang, atau membagi network dan hostnya. Address mana saja yang berfungsi sebagai SUBNET, mana yang HOST dan mana yang BROADCAST. Semua itu bisa kita ketahui dari SUBNET MASKnya. SUBNET MASK DEFAULT ini untuk masing-masing Class IP Address adalah sbb:</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <br /></div> <table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 5.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"> <tbody> <tr style="height: 3.5pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td style="background: #BFBFBF; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 3.5pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 191; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.65pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: center;"> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Class</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div> </td> <td style="background: #BFBFBF; border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 3.5pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 191; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 92.1pt;" valign="top" width="123"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: center;"> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Oktet Pertama</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div> </td> <td style="background: #BFBFBF; border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 3.5pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 191; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 134.7pt;" valign="top" width="180"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: center;"> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Subnet Mask Default</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div> </td> <td style="background: #BFBFBF; border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 3.5pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 191; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 171.45pt;" valign="top" width="229"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: center;"> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Private Address</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.65pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">A</span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 92.1pt;" valign="top" width="123"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">1 - 127</span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 134.7pt;" valign="top" width="180"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">255.0.0.0</span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 171.45pt;" valign="top" width="229"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">10.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255</span></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.65pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">B</span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 92.1pt;" valign="top" width="123"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">128 - 191</span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 134.7pt;" valign="top" width="180"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">255.255.0.0</span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 171.45pt;" valign="top" width="229"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.255</span></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.65pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">C</span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 92.1pt;" valign="top" width="123"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">192 - 223</span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 134.7pt;" valign="top" width="180"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">255.255.225.0</span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 171.45pt;" valign="top" width="229"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.255</span></div> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Subnetmask diperlukan oleh TCP/IP untuk menentukan apakah suatu jaringan yang dimaksud adalah termasuk jaringan lokal atau non lokal.</span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Network ID dan host ID di dalam IP address dibedakan oleh penggunaan subnet mask. Masing-masing subnet mask merupakan pola nomor 32-bit yang merupakan bit groups dari semua (1) yang menunjukkan network ID dan semua nol (0) menunjukkan host ID dari porsi IP address.</span></div> <table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 26.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"> <tbody> <tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td style="background: #BFBFBF; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 191; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 56.45pt;" valign="top" width="75"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: center;"> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kelas IP Address</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div> </td> <td style="background: #BFBFBF; border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 191; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 220.05pt;" width="293"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: center;"> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">BIT SUBNET (Default)</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div> </td> <td style="background: #BFBFBF; border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 191; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 113.3pt;" width="151"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: center;"> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">SUBNETMASK (Default)</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 56.45pt;" width="75"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">A</span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 220.05pt;" width="293"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">11111111 00000000 00000000 00000000</span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 113.3pt;" width="151"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">255.0.0.0</span></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 56.45pt;" width="75"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">B</span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 220.05pt;" width="293"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000</span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 113.3pt;" width="151"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">255.255.0.0</span></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 56.45pt;" width="75"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">C</span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 220.05pt;" width="293"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000</span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 113.3pt;" width="151"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">255.255.255.0</span></div> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Jangan bingung membedakan antara subnet mask dengan IP address. Sebuah subnet mask tidak mewakili sebuah <i>device</i> atau <i>network</i> di internet. Subnet mask digunakan untuk menandakan bagian mana dari IP address yang digunakan untuk menentukan network ID. Anda dapat langsung dengan mudah mengenali subnet mask, karena octet pertama pasti 255, oleh karena itu 255 bukanlah octet yang valid untuk IP address class.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; tab-stops: 1.0cm; text-align: justify;"> <b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Terdapat aturan-aturan dalam membuat Subnet Mask:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Angka minimal untuk network ID adalah 8 bit. Sehingga, oktet pertama dari subnet pasti 255.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: list 49.65pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">1.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">      </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Angka maksimal untuk network ID adalah 30 bit. Anda harus menyisakan sedikitnya 2 bit untuk host ID, untuk mengizinkan paling tidak 2 host. Jika anda menggunakan seluruh 32 bit untuk network ID, maka tidak akan tersisa untuk host ID. Ya, pastilah nggak akan bisa. Menyisakan 1 bit juga tidak akan bisa. Hal itu disebabkan sebuah host ID yang semuanya berisi angka 1 digunakan untuk broadcast address dan semua 0 digunakan untuk mengacu kepada network itu sendiri. Jadi, jika anda menggunakan 31 bit untuk network ID dan menyisakan hanya 1 bit untuk host ID, (host ID 1 digunakan untuk broadcast address dan host ID 0 adalah network itu sendiri) maka tidak akan ada ruang untuk host sebenarnya. Makanya maximum network ID adalah 30 bit.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: list 49.65pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">2.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">      </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Karena network ID selalu disusun oleh deretan angka-angka 1, hanya 9 nilai saja yang mungkin digunakan di tiap octet subnet mask (termasuk 0). Tabel berikut ini adalah kemungkinan nilai-nilai yang berasal dari 8 bit.</span></div> <table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 118.8pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"> <tbody> <tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td style="background: #BFBFBF; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 191; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.35pt;" width="142"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">BINARY OCNET</span></div> </td> <td style="background: #BFBFBF; border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 191; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 4.0cm;" width="151"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">DECIMAL</span></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.35pt;" width="142"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">00000000</span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 4.0cm;" width="151"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">0</span></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.35pt;" width="142"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">10000000</span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 4.0cm;" width="151"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">128</span></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.35pt;" width="142"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">11000000</span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 4.0cm;" width="151"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">192</span></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.35pt;" width="142"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">11100000</span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 4.0cm;" width="151"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">224</span></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.35pt;" width="142"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">11110000</span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 4.0cm;" width="151"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">240</span></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.35pt;" width="142"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">11111000</span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 4.0cm;" width="151"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">248</span></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.35pt;" width="142"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">11111100</span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 4.0cm;" width="151"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">252</span></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.35pt;" width="142"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">11111110</span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 4.0cm;" width="151"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">254</span></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 9; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.35pt;" width="142"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">11111111</span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 4.0cm;" width="151"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">255</span></div> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;"> <br /></div> <b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" /> </span></b> <br /> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 296.25pt;"> <b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Penghitungan Subnetting</span></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 296.25pt;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Penghitungan subnetting bisa dilakukan dengan dua cara, cara binary yang relatif lambat dan cara khusus yang lebih cepat. Pada hakekatnya semua pertanyaan tentang subnetting akan berkisar di empat masalah yaitu:</span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: IN;">·</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: IN;">           </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Jumlah Subnet.</span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: IN;">·</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: IN;">           </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Jumlah Host per Subnet.</span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: IN;">·</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: IN;">           </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Blok Subnet.</span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: IN;">·</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: IN;">           </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Alamat Host- Broadcast.</span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Penulisan IP address umumnya adalah dengan 192.168.1.2. Namun adakalanya ditulis dengan 192.168.1.2/24 artinya bahwa IP address 192.168.1.2 dengan subnet mask 255.255.255.0. Lho kok bisa seperti itu? Ya, /24 diambil dari penghitungan bahwa 24 bit subnet mask diselubung dengan binari 1. Atau dengan kata lain, subnet masknya adalah: 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000 (255.255.255.0). Konsep ini yang disebut dengan CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing) yang diperkenalkan pertama kali tahun 1992 oleh IEFT.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <br /></div> <!--[if !mso]> <style> v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} .shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);} </style> <![endif]--><br /> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:AllowPNG/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves>false</w:TrackMoves> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>IN</w:LidThemeOther> 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ARTIKEL PENGALAMATAN JARINGAN

IP ADDRESS P engertian Ip address IP address digunakan sebagai alamat dalam hubungan antar host di internet sehingga merupakan s...

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